What is Asperger's Syndrome and how does having it affect Craig?Thanks to both Allie and Lizzy who have researched AS to answer the first part of this question, citing some online sources for those who would like to read more about AS.
Asperger’s Syndrome is a neurobiological disorder characterized by impairment in social interaction along with restricted and repetitive stereotyped behaviours . Unlike autism, people with Asperger’s have no severe delays in language or other cognitive skills and can often be quite verbal. Individuals also tend to have limited use of facial expressions and gestures to communicate, as well as impairments in verbal communication, often noted to talk too much or too little and have odd speech.
Those with Asperger’s usually like to like to talk, however their speech is often described as being thought disordered, awkward or centered on specific interests that preoccupy them. They are interested in human relationships but are often unable to carry through social interactions with sufficient success to make relationships easy.
People with Asperger’s also have a need for routine and have difficulty coping with change. Some may excel in an aspect of their behaviour such as reading, calculation, art or music. Many have excellent, logical abstract thinking and are capable of originality and creativity in their chosen fields.
The cause of Asperger’s syndrome is unknown, however there is evidence that suggests possible genetic contribution. Some studies show the possibility that the syndrome is X-linked which would explain why more males tend to be affected than females.
No completely effective treatment exists for Asperger’s. Since the syndrome may result from a variety of different deficits, it is unlikely that one drug will work for everyone with this disorder. However different medications can be used to treat symptoms such as anxiety, depression and obsessive-compulsive behaviours if they become significant handicaps. Counseling is also a valuable resource for affected individuals.
Asperger’s SyndromeAsperger’s Syndrome (AS) is a pervasive developmental disorder (PDD)
which falls within the Autism Spectrum. The mean features of this
disorder may become obvious during early childhood and remain constant
throughout life although adaptation and degree of actual disability vary. It
is very rarely recognized before the age of three and is more common in
males than females.
Some Common Features- Excellent rote memory
- Absorb facts easily
- Generally perform well at math and science
- Generally anxious and unable to cope with any form of criticism or
imperfection
- Can be the victims of teasing in a school environment, which may
cause them to withdraw into isolated activities
- Often appear clumsy and may have an unusual gait or stance
- Often seen as a bit odd and/or eccentric
- Often have the appearance of good language but may have limited
language content and poor social understanding
- While children (and adults) with AS have many of the features of the
Syndrome in common, they may vary enormously in other ways
Observed DifficultiesCommunication
The child usually speaks at the age expected. A full command of grammar
is usually acquired. Content of speech may be abnormal, tending to be
pedantic and often centering on one or two favorite topics. Sometimes a
word or phrase is repeated over and over in a stereotyped fashion.
Usually there is a comprehension deficit despite apparent superior verbal
skills. Non-verbal communication, both expressive and receptive, is
often impaired.
Social Interaction
There tends to be impairment in two-way social interaction due in the
most part to an inability to understand social behavior. A lack f
empathy with others and little or no eye contact may be evident. The child
appears to be stuck at the egocentric stage of social and emotional
development and therefore these people perceive the world almost exclusively
from their own point of view.
Social Behavior
Social behavior is often naïve and peculiar. They tend to become
intensely attached to particular possessions. They engage in repetitive
activities and are resistant to change, coping best when life is
predictable. They are rigid and prefer structure and may concentrate exclusively
on matters in which they are interested. They may appear non-compliant
as they have difficulty taking direction and coping with negative
feedback.
Profile of a Person with Asperger’s Syndrome
The typical person with AS is a ‘loner’, who never quite fits in,
because of eccentric behavior, peculiar ways of speaking and a lack of
social skills. He or she may be interested in social relationships but lacks
the ability to understand and use the rules governing social behavior.
He or she may try to make contact inappropriately, e.g. ignoring
contextual dues or expressing inadequacy aggressively. People with AS may
graduate from regular schools and hold down jobs, but their odd behavior
and resistance to change often disadvantage them. The have difficulty
establishing relationships and other children often refuse to return to
the AS homes to play with them. Older children may over time withdraw
from the uncomfortable interactions which characterized their early years
and retreat into the safety of their family or even isolate themselves
from their family. The may feel rejected but do not understand how
their behavioral responses contributed to their isolation.
Unusual Thinking Patterns
The following statements reflect the literal and unusual ways that AS
people think.
- He referred to a hole in his sock as “a temporary loss of knitting”.
- Yes, he did want to go to school, but he wished that all the other
children weren’t there.
Asperger’s Syndrome Traits in Point FormatWith commentary added
Note: Being afflicted with a spectrum disorder, many will have
different traits from others, and this may result in seeming contradictions,
even within the same individual
- Difficulty reading body language, facial expressions, and nuances of
speech
- May have inappropriate or non-fashionable clothing, shoes, personal
grooming (haircuts)
- Rigid or inflexible thinking process
- Focused to the point of being fixated
- Inappropriate comments or speaking, often rude socially, although
usually accurate
- Exactingly organized
- Distressingly disorganized
- Poor visualization of location, can get lost easily
- Poor visualization of facial features, cannot recognize people easily
- Tendency to explore the insides of things to ‘see how they work’
- Tendency to get stressed out from one or more of the following:
o Noise
o Light, brightness, and/or flickering of fluorescents
o Smell, particularly perfumes and strong foods
o Taste
o Touch, with some needing strong touch (like hugs, firm clasp), while
others need light touch, and others yet cannot stand to be touched at
all. Often there will be extreme sensitivity to rough clothes,
restrictive socks, shoes, etc.
Note: Stressed out in this meaning is more than just frustrated, but to
the actual point of screaming, crying, withdrawing, collapsing,
striking out in blind fury, cursing loudly, shouting, hiding in a ‘safe’ spot.
The best method of dealing with it is to remove the cause of the
stress, and leave the individual alone in a safe quiet place. The worst
method of dealing with it is to be confrontational, demanding proper
behavior and/or actions as this adds to the stress, generally causing the
reaction to get even worse.
- Inappropriate personal space, either too far, or too close. They may
lash out if space is invaded
- Exact placement of objects, almost compulsively
- May make repetitive motions, tics, words, sounds. This can include
singing, humming, whistling, rocking, flapping of hands/arms, chewing
insides of mouth and other body parts, shaking of feet, legs, blinking,
touching parts of the body, pulling of hair, etc. Note: This behavior is
actually soothing and calming and a result of trying to reduce stress.
Interrupting it will cause more stress and only if there is risk of
physical damage should that be done.
- Rigid adherence to rules, need for a strong structure, almost
incapable of understanding someone breaking rules
- Naïve in taking others at ‘face value’. Not easily able to detect
lies. Unable to detect social evasions. Not able to initiate social
evasion or participate in them.
- Generally poor writing (physical act of) ability, and often-poor
spelling. Usually very good vocabulary
- Misses the point of jokes, particularly those involving social
situations or emotions
- Often has difficulty in understanding metaphors
- Difficulty learning by example and observation. Need specific
training, particularly in applying social niceties.
- Atypical reaction to pain or pleasure, stoic, or giggle when remorse
is more appropriate. May feel pain when others wouldn’t, yet be almost
pain free when others would be incapacitated
- Almost overly quick to resolve grief
- Lack of subtlety and paucity in range of expression (physically or
verbally)
- Difficulty in awareness of own emotional mood levels, missing early
‘warning signs’ of anger, etc.
- Have a tendency to achieve enjoyment primarily from knowledge,
interests, and solitary pursuits, and less from social experiences.
- Often happiest when alone
- Difficulty in recognizing how their words may affect the emotions of
others
- Difficulty in matching the level of the words to the emotions being
felt; exaggerated or muted
- May not be able to express feelings conversationally, but need other
methods, like computer screens, writing, artwork or music.
- Inability to recognize nonverbal communications
- Invasion of personal space of others
- Pacing and/or talking to self
- Lack of eye contact, or fixated eye contact (seeming to be staring)
- Aloof body language or facial expression
- Odd choice of clothes
- Concrete or literal expressive language
- Concrete or literal reception (understanding) of language
- Perseverance on a particular topic
- Vocabulary that may not match actual comprehension
- Repeating other persons’ statements
- Reading signage aloud
- Repeating words or parts of words when speaking
- Answers can be tactless or brutally honest
- May appear argumentative, stubborn, or belligerent
- May question in a manner that seems to be critical. E.g. “What makes
you think that you are correct?”. This question implies that the person
being questioned is incorrect, but may in fact be a simple question
about the thought process, and that the questioner actually agrees that
the person being asked IS correct.
- Have difficulty recognizing jokes, teasing, and verbal or nonverbal
emotional responses of others.
- Unable to automatically deduce what others are thinking, and why
- Inappropriate social interactions
- Inability to quickly process and respond to urgent requests and
commands
- May have tendency to repeat back quickly memorized information making
it seems like they have known it all along, even though picked up from
the speaker only moments before.
Note about questions: When asking an AS person questions, do NOT ask
leading questions, instead, make them answer in narrative format, in
their own words, and then clarify any use of pronouns which are likely to
be used without any obvious connection.
- Tendency to use pronouns without any references to proper nouns
- When asked if he/she understands something, is likely to say “Yes”,
even though not able to actually understand at all. See note about
asking questions.
- In many higher functioning children with autistic disorders
(including AS), the level of receptive language (i.e. language comprehension) is
below that of expressive language (vocabulary)
- Individuals with autistic disorders (including AS), may have a range
of behavioral symptoms, including hyperactivity, short attention span,
impulsivity, aggressiveness, self-injurious behaviors, and particularly
in children, temper tantrums.
- There may be odd responses to sensory stimuli (e.g. a high threshold
for pain, oversensitivity to sound or being touched, exaggerated
reactions to light, or odors, and a fascination with certain stimuli (e.g.
flashing lights)
- There may be abnormalities in eating such as limiting diet to certain
foods, needing to have them all mixed, or conversely, all separated,
hot, cold, special plates, cups, utensils (which can often not be used
very well)
- The may be abnormalities in sleeping, waking at odd times, hard to
fall asleep, limited sleep period, requirements to have the bedroom “just
so” with nothing out of place, etc.
- The may be abnormalities in mood, with giggling or weeping for no
apparent reason, or there may be a complete absence of any apparent
emotional reaction of any kind
- There may be a lack of fear in response to real dangers, and
excessive fearfulness in response to harmless objects or situations.
- A variety of seemingly or real self-injurious behaviors may be
present, such as head banging, hand or wrist biting, hitting self or objects
with fist, etc.
- Adolescents and adults who can have a large intellectual capacity for
insight may become very depressed in response to the realization of
their serious impairment.
- Behavior in school settings can translate to severe bullying by both
uninformed staff and other students
Margaret S., a very successful AS academic said, very astutely,
"For AS people, life is like being in a play someone else hands you--an
unscheduled disruption of the routine is like the director suddenly
yelling, "Okay, everybody IMPROVISE!" It is scary, and humiliating, and
more often than not, we get it wrong and get into trouble. That's why
we've got to have routines."
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Here are some Asperger's websites:
http://www.tonyattwood.com.au/http://www.udel.edu/bkirby/asperger/http://www.aspie.com/pages/1/index.htmhttp://www.aspergerinformation.net/http://www.aspergers.com*****************************************************************
As for how having AS affects Craig...well, none of us are ever going to know the full answer to that. While we do know Craig, his family, band and mgmt are now making band decisions based on what will best accomodate Craig, the specifics of his AS is a personal matter. Consequently, the Vines will be doing limited promotion and live shows in support of 'Vision Valley.' Mgmt, Dr. Tony Attwood (who confirmed Craig's diagnosis after meeting with him), and Craig have spoken a little about AS in the following Vines articles.
Rock and a Hard Place (November 2005)Star's Secret Agony (November 2005)Stop Making Sense (March 2006)Winning Again (March 2006)